English Language Version of the Educational Module Resource (EMR)
The EMR consists of 21 lectures, accompanying notes for the lecturer and direct links to the references and videos; it is intended to be a resource that can be used by a lecturer in order to develop one or more lectures, seminars, role-plays or other teaching aids suitable for the course he or she is presenting. We would like to emphasise that the educational module resource is not a Teaching Module rather it is a 'Module Resource'. Conscious that there is no one-size-fits-all approach, our educational module resource is designed to be 'modified and tailored in order to fit the requirements of different local educational contexts'. Please read '1. Introduction' first.
1. EMR Introduction and Overview
This section provides an overview of the lectures in the English version of the Education Module Resource (EMR).
1. Introduction and Overview
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This section provides an overview of the lectures in the English version of the Education Module Resource (EMR) and can be accessed in PowerPoint (PPT) format.
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2. The Threat of Biological Warfare (BW) and Biological Terrorism (BT) and the International Prohibition Regime
This section provides material on the threat of biological warfare (BW) and biological terrorism (BT) and the international prohibition regime. Material can be accessed in PowerPoint (PPT) or PDF format. Two background briefing papers have been developed to support this section of the EMR and are available below.
Background Brief 1
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The history of offensive biological weapons programme
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Background Brief 2
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The biological and toxin weapons convention
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Lecture Number & Title
2. BW from Antiquity to WWI
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3. The Dual-Use Dilemma and the Responsibilities of Life Scientists
This section provides material on the dual-use dilemma and the responsibilities of life scientists.
3. BW from WWI to WWII
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4. BW during the Cold War
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5. Impact of Biological Warfare Agents
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6. Assimilation of BW
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Assimilation of BW through State Offensive Programmes
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7. The International Legal Agreements
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8. Strengthening the BTWC 1980 -2008
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9. The 2003-2005 Intersessional Process
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10. The 2007-2010 New Intersessional Process
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11. Bioethics Methodology (in Japanese)
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12. Obligations Derived from the BTWC
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13. The Growth of Dual-Use Bioethics
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14. Dual-Use: The Fink Report
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(, 182 KB)
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Background Brief No. 3 Dual-Use Research
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15. Dual-Use Examples
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15b. Appl. Dual-Use Examples
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16. The Lemon-Relman Report
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16b. Appl. The Lemon-Relman Report (in Japanese)
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17. Weapons Targeted at Nervous System
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17. Wehttps://cms.bradford.ac.uk/terminalfour/page/content#apons Targeted at Nervous System
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17b. Appl. Weapons Targeted at Nervous System
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4. National Implementation of the BTWC
This section provides material on the National implementation of the BTWC. Material can be accessed in PowerPoint (PPT) or PDF format. A background briefing paper has been developed to support this section of the EMR and is available below.
Background Brief No. 4 National Implementation
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18. Regulation of the Life Sciences
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19. International Regulation of Biotechnology
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(, 351 KB)
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20. National Implementation Legislation
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20. National Implementation Legislation
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21. The Web of Prevention
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