Dr. Ibrahim Ghafir

Assistant Professor

Area: School of Computing and Engineering; Faculty of Management, Sciences and Engineering
E-mail: I.Ghafir@bradford.ac.uk
Phone: +441274234055
Link: https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=kGsp2X0AAAAJ&hl=en

Biography

Dr Ibrahim Ghafir is an Assistant Professor in Computer Science at the Faculty of Engineering and Digital Technologies, University of Bradford, UK, where he also serves as the Programme Leader for the BSc Computer Science for Cyber Security programme. He is a Fellow of the Higher Education Academy (HEA), UK. Dr Ghafir holds a PhD in Computer Science (Cyber Security) from Manchester Metropolitan University, UK. He also earned a second PhD in Informatics (Computer Systems and Technologies), jointly awarded by Durham University, UK, and Masaryk University, Czech Republic, as part of a European Doctorate programme. Before joining the University of Bradford, Dr Ghafir worked as a Research Associate in Cyber Security at Loughborough University, UK (2017–2019). Earlier in his career, he served as a Research Assistant at Masaryk University (2012–2015). His research interests encompass cyber security, intrusion detection systems, wireless communications, the Internet of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence, and machine learning. Dr Ghafir is an active researcher with a strong publication record, having authored more than 60 peer-reviewed journal articles and conference papers in the field of cyber security. Please see Dr Ghafir's Google Scholar profile for an updated list of his publications.

Publications

Book chapter (2)

Reliability Analysis of Process Systems Using Intuitionistic Fuzzy Set Theory

Mohammad Yazdi, Sohag Kabir, Mohit Kumar, Ibrahim Ghafir, and Farhana Islam (2023) Advances in Reliability, Failure and Risk Analysis. Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
Proposed Approach for Targeted Attacks Detection

Ibrahim Ghafir;Vaclav Prenosil (2015) Advanced Computer and Communication Engineering Technology. Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering. In Sulaiman, H.;Othman, M.;Rahim, Y.;Pee, N. editor(s)

Conference publication (36)

Internet of Things: Innovation, Threats, and Consequences

Md Mokhlesur Rahman;Alhassan Abdulhamid;Moemedi Lefoane;Sohag Kabir;Ibrahim Ghafir (2025) International Conference on Electrical, Computer, Communications and Mechatronics Engineering .
Clinician-Assisted Exploratory Data Analysis Framework for Early Diagnosis of Keratoconus

Zahra J. Muhsin;Rami Qahwaji;Ibrahim Ghafir;Muawyah Al Bdour;Saif AlRyalat;Mo'ath AlShawabkeh (2025) IEEE 22nd International Multi-Conference on Systems, Signals & Devices (SSD).
Keratoconus Severity Staging Using Random Forest and Gradient Boosting Ensemble Techniques

Zahra J. Muhsin;Rami Qahwaji;Ibrahim Ghafir;Muawyah Al Bdour;Saif AlRyalat;Mo'ath AlShawabkeh (2025) IEEE 22nd International Multi-Conference on Systems, Signals & Devices (SSD).
Reliability Assessment of IoT-enabled Systems using Fault Trees and Bayesian Networks

Alhassan Abdulhamid, Sohag Kabir, Ibrahim Ghafir, and Ci Lei (2024) 5th International Conference on Advances in Distributed Computing and Machine Learning (ICADCML).
Performance Comparison of Machine Learning Algorithms for Keratoconus Detection

Zahra J. Muhsin;Rami Qahwaji;Ibrahim Ghafir;Muawyah Al Bdour;Saif AlRyalat;Mo'ath AlShawabkeh;Majid Al-Taee (2024) IEEE 30th International Conference on Telecommunications (ICT).
Latent Semantic Analysis for Feature Selection: A Proposed Approach for Anomaly Detection in Network Traffic

Moemedi Lefoane;Ibrahim Ghafir;Sohag Kabir;Irfan-Ullah Awan (2024) International Conference on Advanced Computer Information Technologies.
Artificial Intelligence and Big Data Analytics for the Detection of Fake News on Social Media

Rebecca Omowaiye;Ibrahim Ghafir;Moemedi Lefoane;Sohag Kabir;Amna Qureshi;Mohammed R. Daham (2024) International Conference on Electrical, Computer, Communications and Mechatronics Engineering.
Non-Negative Matrix Factorisation for Feature Selection: A Proposed Approach for the Detection of Multi-Stage Attacks

Moemedi Lefoane;Ibrahim Ghafir;Sohag Kabir;Irfan-Ullah Awan (2024) International Conference on Advanced Computer Information Technologies.
Navigating IoT Security Assessment: Current Methods, Challenges and Future Directions

Alhassan Abdulhamid;Sohag Kabir;Ibrahim Ghafir;Ci Lei (2024) International Conference on Advanced Computer Information Technologies.
Developing Dependable IoT Systems: Safety Perspective

Alhassan Abdulhamid, Sohag Kabir, Ibrahim Ghafir, and Ci Lei (2023) The UNIfied Conference of DAMAS, IncoME and TEPEN Conferences.
Sequential Pattern Mining: A Proposed Approach for Intrusion Detection Systems

Moemedi Lefoane, Ibrahim Ghafir, Sohag Kabir, Irfan-Ullah Awan (2023) The 7th International Conference on Future Networks & Distributed Systems.
Latent Dirichlet Allocation for the Detection of Multi-Stage Attacks

Moemedi Lefoane, Ibrahim Ghafir, Sohag Kabir, Irfan-Ullah Awan (2023) The 24th International Arab Conference on Information Technology.
Machine Learning for Malware Detection in Network Traffic

Ayorinde Henry Omopintemi, Ibrahim Ghafir, Shadi Eltanani, Sohag Kabir, Moemedi Lefoane (2023) The 7th International Conference on Future Networks & Distributed Systems.
Adaptation of Model Transformation for Safety Analysis of IoT-based Applications

Alhassan Abdulhamid, Sohag Kabir, Ibrahim Ghafir, and Ci Lei (2023) The UNIfied Conference of DAMAS, IncoME and TEPEN Conferences.
Dependability of the Internet of Things: Current Status and Challenges

Abdulhamid A.;Kabir S.;Ghafir I.;Lei C. (2022) International Conference on Electrical, Computer, Communications and Mechatronics Engineering, ICECCME 2022., 1-6.
Multi-stage Attack Detection: Emerging Challenges for Wireless Networks

Moemedi Lefoane, Ibrahim Ghafir, Sohag Kabir, Irfan-Ullah Awan (2022) International Conference on Smart Applications, Communications and Networking (SmartNets).
Aerial Wireless Networks: Proposed Solution for Coverage Optimisation

Eltanani S.;Ghafir I. (2021) IEEE Conference on Computer Communications Workshops, INFOCOM WKSHPS 2021. N/A
Machine Learning for Botnet Detection: An Optimized Feature Selection Approach

Moemedi Lefoane, Ibrahim Ghafir, Sohag Kabir, Irfan-Ullah Awan (2021) The 5th International Conference on Future Networks & Distributed Systems (ICFNDS 2021). N/A
Coverage Optimisation for Aerial Wireless Networks

Eltanani S.;Ghafir I. (2020) Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Innovations in Information Technology, IIT 2020. N/A, 233-238.
Continuous monitoring in mission-critical applications using the internet of things and blockchain

Hammoudeh M.;Ghafir I.;Bounceur A.;Rawlinson T. (2019) ACM International Conference Proceeding Series.
Anomaly-Based Network Intrusion Detection Using SVM

Zhang Y.;Yang Q.;Lambotharan S.;Kyriakopoulos K.;Ghafir I.;Assadhan B. (2019) 2019 11th International Conference on Wireless Communications and Signal Processing, WCSP 2019.
Anomaly detection using dynamic time warping

Diab D.M.;Assadhan B.;Binsalleeh H.;Lambotharan S.;Kyriakopoulos K.G.;Ghafir I. (2019) Proceedings - 22nd IEEE International Conference on Computational Science and Engineering and 17th IEEE International Conference on Embedded and Ubiquitous Computing, CSE/EUC 2019., 193-198.
Addressing Multi-Stage Attacks Using Expert Knowledge and Contextual Information

Francisco J. Aparicio-Navarro;Timothy A. Chadza;Konstantinos G. Kyriakopoulos;Ibrahim Ghafir;Sangarapillai Lambotharan;Basil AsSadhan (2019) International Conference on Intelligence in Next Generation Networks (ICIN).
Disguised executable files in spear-phishing emails: detecting the point of entry in advanced persistent threat

Ibrahim Ghafir;Vaclav Prenosil;Mohammad Hammoudeh;Francisco J. Aparicio-Navarro;Khaled Rabie;Ahmad Jabban (2018) International Conference on Future Networks and Distributed Systems.
Multi-Stage Attack Detection Using Contextual Information

Franciso J. Aparicio-Navarro;Konstantinos G. Kyriakopoulos;Ibrahim Ghafir;Sangarapillai Lambotharan;Jonathon A. Chambers (2018) IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM).
An IoT and business processes based approach for the monitoring and control of high value-added manufacturing processes

Umar Raza;James Lomax;Ibrahim Ghafir;Rupak Kharel;Ben Whiteside (2017) International Conference on Future Networks and Distributed Systems.
Malicious SSL Certificate Detection: A Step Towards Advanced Persistent Threat Defence

Ibrahim Ghafir;Vaclav Prenosil;Mohammad Hammoudeh;Liangxiu Han;Umar Raza (2017) International Conference on Future Networks and Distributed Systems.
A Survey on Network Security Monitoring Systems

Ibrahim Ghafir;Vaclav Prenosil;Jakub Svoboda;Mohammad Hammoudeh (2016) IEEE International Conference on Future Internet of Things and Cloud Workshops.
Social Engineering Attack Strategies and Defence Approaches

Ibrahim Ghafir;Vaclav Prenosil;Ahmad Alhejailan;Mohammad Hammoudeh (2016) International Conference on Future Internet of Things and Cloud (FiCloud).
DNS traffic analysis for malicious domains detection

Ibrahim Ghafir;Vaclav Prenosil (2015) International Conference on Signal Processing and Integrated Networks (SPIN).
Malicious File Hash Detection and Drive-by Download Attacks

Ibrahim Ghafir;Vaclav Prenosil (2015) International Conference on Computer and Communication Technologies.
Advanced persistent threat and spear phishing emails

I Ghafir;V Prenosil (2015) International Conference Distance Learning, Simulation and Communication.
DNS query failure and algorithmically generated domain-flux detection

Ibrahim Ghafir;Vaclav Prenosil (2014) International Conference on Frontiers of Communications, Networks and Applications.
Tor-based malware and Tor connection detection

Ibrahim Ghafir;Jakub Svoboda;Vaclav Prenosil (2014) International Conference on Frontiers of Communications, Networks and Applications.
A survey on intrusion detection and prevention systems

I. Ghafir;M. Husak;V. Prenosil (2014) IEEE/UREL Student Conference Zvule.
Designing a Microwave Filter by Studying and Simulating the Discontinuity in the Waveguide

I Ghafir;V Prenosil (2013) International Conference Distance Learning, Simulation and Communication.

Peer reviewed journal (22)

Quantitative Cybersecurity Analysis Framework for Cyber Physical Systems: A Conceptual Approach

Alhassan Abdulhamid;Sohag Kabir;Ibrahim Ghafir;Ci Lei;Khalil El Hindi;Mohammad Hammoudeh (2025) IEEE Open Journal of the Computer Society.
Two-stage ensemble learning framework for automated classification of keratoconus severity

Zahra J. Muhsin;Rami Qahwaji;Ibrahim Ghafir;Mo'ath AlShawabkeh;Muawyah Al Bdour;Saif AlRyalat;Majid Al-Taee (2025) Computers in Biology and Medicine.
Non-Negative Matrix Factorization and Latent Semantic Analysis for Hybrid Feature Selection: A Proposed Machine Learning System for the Detection of Malicious Executable Files

Moemedi Lefoane;Ibrahim Ghafir;Sohag Kabir;Irfan-Ullah Awan;Khalil El Hindi;Anand Mahendran (2025) Ieee Access.
Highly efficient stacking ensemble learning model for automated keratoconus screening

Zahra J. Muhsin;Rami Qahwaji;Ibrahim Ghafir;Mo’ath AlShawabkeh;Muawyah Al Bdour;Saif Aldeen AlRyalat;Majid Al-Taee (2025) Eye and Vision.
Hierarchical attention-enhanced multihead CNN and level sets segmentation: A proposed approach to enhance the cyclone intensity estimation

Lavanya Kandasamy;Ibrahim Ghafir;Sai Harsha Varma Sangaraju;Preksha Mathur;Saipriya Rajagopal;Anand Mahendran (2025) Advances in Space Research.
Advances in machine learning for keratoconus diagnosis

Zahra J. Muhsin;Rami Qahwaji;Ibrahim Ghafir;Mo’ath AlShawabkeh;Muawyah Al Bdour;Saif AlRyalat;Majid Al-Taee (2025) International Ophthalmology Clinics.
Internet of Things botnets: A survey on Artificial Intelligence based detection techniques

Moemedi Lefoane;Ibrahim Ghafir;Sohag Kabir;Irfan-Ullah Awan (2025) Journal of Network and Computer Applications.
Quantitative failure analysis for IoT systems: an integrated model-based framework

Alhassan Abdulhamid;Sohag Kabir;Ibrahim Ghafir;Ci Lei (2025) International Journal of Systems Assurance Engineering and Management.
Enhancing Safety in IoT Systems: A Model-Based Assessment of a Smart Irrigation System Using Fault Tree Analysis

Abdulhamid Alhassan;Md Mokhlesur Rahman;Sohag Kabir;Ibrahim Ghafir (2024) Electronics.
Extended Water Wave Optimization (EWWO) Technique: A Proposed Approach for Task Scheduling in IoMT and Healthcare Applications

Bhasker Bapuram;Murali Subramanian;Anand Mahendran;Ibrahim Ghafir;Vijayan Ellappan;Mohammed Hamada (2024) Evolutionary Intelligence.
Latent Semantic Analysis and Graph Theory for Alert Correlation: A Proposed Approach for IoT Botnet Detection

Moemedi Lefoane;Ibrahim Ghafir;Sohag Kabir;Irfan-ullah Awan;Khalil El Hindi;Anand Mahendran (2024) IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society.
An Overview of Safety and Security Analysis Frameworks for the Internet of Things

Alhassan Abdulhamid, Sohag Kabir, Ibrahim Ghafir, Ci Lei (2023) Electronics. 12
Unsupervised Learning for Feature Selection: A Proposed Solution for Botnet Detection in 5G Networks

Moemedi Lefoane, Ibrahim Ghafir, Sohag Kabir, Irfan-Ullah Awan (2022) IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics. N/A
Denial of service detection using dynamic time warping

Diab D.M.;Assadhan B.;Binsalleeh H.;Lambotharan S.;Kyriakopoulos K.;Ghafir I. (2021) International Journal of Network Management. -
The Security of Big Data in Fog-Enabled IoT Applications Including Blockchain: A Survey.

Tariq N;Asim M;Al-Obeidat F;Zubair Farooqi M;Baker T;Hammoudeh M;Ghafir I; (2019) Sensors. 19
Hidden Markov Models and Alert Correlations for the Prediction of Advanced Persistent Threats

Ghafir I.;Kyriakopoulos K.;Lambotharan S.;Aparicio-Navarro F.;Assadhan B.;Binsalleeh H, Diab D.M. (2019) Ieee Access. 7
Detection of advanced persistent threat using machine-learning correlation analysis

Ghafir I.;Hammoudeh M.;Prenosil V.;Han L.;Hegarty R.;Rabie K.;Aparicio-Navarro F. (2018) Future Generation Computer Systems. 89, 349-359.
A Basic Probability Assignment Methodology for Unsupervised Wireless Intrusion Detection

Ghafir I.;Kyriakopoulos K.;Aparicio-Navarro F.;Lambotharan S.;Assadhan B.;Binsalleeh H. (2018) Ieee Access. 6, 40008-40023.
Security threats to critical infrastructure: the human factor

Ghafir I.;Saleem J.;Hammoudeh M.;Faour H.;Prenosil V.;Jaf S.;Jabbar S.;Baker T. (2018) Journal of Supercomputing. 74, 4986-5002.
A new Linux based TCP congestion control mechanism for long distance high bandwidth sustainable smart cities

Mudassar A.;Md Asri N.;Usman A.;Amjad K.;Ghafir I.;Arioua M. (2018) Sustainable Cities and Society. 37, 164-177.
BotDet: A System for Real Time Botnet Command and Control Traffic Detection

Ghafir I.;Prenosil V.;Hammoudeh M.;Baker T.;Jabbar S.;Khalid S.;Jaf S. (2018) Ieee Access. 6, 38947-38958.
Remote access capability embedded in linked data using bi-directional transformation: Issues and simulation

Malik K.;Farhan M.;Habib M.;Khalid S.;Ahmad M.;Ghafir I. (2018) Sustainable Cities and Society. 38, 662-674.

Dr. Ibrahim Ghafir

Assistant Professor

Biography

Publications

Book chapter (2)

Reliability Analysis of Process Systems Using Intuitionistic Fuzzy Set Theory

Conference publication (36)

Developing Dependable IoT Systems: Safety Perspective

Sequential Pattern Mining: A Proposed Approach for Intrusion Detection Systems

Latent Dirichlet Allocation for the Detection of Multi-Stage Attacks

Machine Learning for Malware Detection in Network Traffic

Adaptation of Model Transformation for Safety Analysis of IoT-based Applications

Machine Learning for Botnet Detection: An Optimized Feature Selection Approach

A survey on intrusion detection and prevention systems

Designing a Microwave Filter by Studying and Simulating the Discontinuity in the Waveguide

Peer reviewed journal (22)