Natural Resources and Environmental Law and Policy LLM

International Environmental Law

The module aims to offer an overview of the general legal framework and different regulatory regimes for the protection of the environment at the international and regional level.

Climate Change Law and Policy

This module is an important element of the LLM Natural Resources and Environmental Law and Policy because it will enable students to critically analyse and understand climate change law and policy and to develop the skills necessary to apply this in a range of practical contexts.

The module will provide students with an understanding of the key concepts, principles and mechanisms underlying the Climate Change regime as well as the interrelationship between industrial activities, and in particular energy policy and climate change will form a key part of the module.

Reflecting on the UN Sustainable Development Goal 13 which is focused on Climate Action, this module will explore the practical ways to address the global challenge of climate change. It will examine the effectiveness of the international, regional and national legal instruments aimed at tackling climate change. It will examine developments in the field of climate change law and encourage students to reflect on the nature, function, strengths and weaknesses of the existing mechanisms aimed at addressing climate change.

The module helps students to develop the ability to work with their knowledge of legal principles and apply them to new situations in order to arrive at imaginative and innovative solutions and interpretations in climate change law and policy. It will also equip students to have mastery of the subject, conduct effective research and to critically analyse and assess the specific climate change issues and apply this learning in the relevant practical context.

It aims to develop excellent communication skills including writing and legal research skills commensurate with LLM level study and advanced scholarship

This module is also suitable for any other postgraduate programme, where environmental law, energy law, sustainable development as well as natural resources governance would be studied.

Business Human Rights and Environment

This module is aimed and providing students with a critical understanding of the interrelationship between global business activities and the impacts of environment and human rights. Students will be exposed to the case studies in both developed and developing contexts, and the efficacy or otherwise of the accountability frameworks that currently exist at international, regional, transnational and national frameworks.

Emerging Issues in Law (Summer School)

The aim of the module will be to provide a useful insight into the legal responses to significant emerging issues which concern the broader society. The module is a credit-bearing postgraduate module, part of the Law School Summer School which can be available to all graduates from or outside Bradford on a stand-alone basis or as part of postgraduate programmes of the University of Bradford (as one of the options for University electives where the programme allows it).

Perhaps more than at any other time in history, the world is experiencing rapid changes in all aspects of human interactions - social, economic, political. The pace and scope of change are driven by rapid advances in technologies with transformative potential such as artificial intelligence, quantum computing and fintech; by the acceleration of natural phenomena linked to climate change and sustainability; by the socio-political transformation caused by rising inequalities, the tension between the forces supporting globalisation and those opposing it; and by health concerns driven by COVID-19 and other pandemics (e.g. SARS), which in recent years have caused economic and social disruption in various parts of the world and globally. All these developments pose a challenge for the law, which has to respond in ways that balance carefully opposing interests, while addressing the emerging challenges.

Law and Ethics of Technology and Artificial Intelligence

Technology and artificial intelligence raise significant ethical and legal issues. The aim of the module is to introduce these issues and debates as well as to discuss the current ethical and legal frameworks aimed to address them.

International Energy Law and Just Transition

The aim of the module is to develop your knowledge and understanding of some of the key issues related to the international law and policy of the Energy sector. The module provides an overall overview and general understanding of the legal and regulatory framework governing the energy sector, the contractual and fiscal arrangements and other issues concerning the different types of energy including renewables, oil, nuclear energy, and natural gas. The module also addresses the energy trilemma (including energy security, energy poverty and climate change); energy infrastructure, the transmission and generation issues associated with the electricity sector; just transition and sustainability; and energy disputes prevention and resolution.

Foundations of Law and Skills (DL)

This module is part of the induction to all the LLM programmes of the School of Law. The aim is to provides an introduction to the English and International Legal Systems, the institutions and sources of Law, as well as key academic skills, including research, critical thinking and analytical skills and encourage participative, independent and reflective learning and the development of personal and professional skills.

The Foundations of Law and Skills (FLS) module is compulsory to all students who are joining a LLM programme and is particularly useful to you if you have not previously studied law or you have come from a non-common law background. The module will equip you with knowledge of sources and institutions in English and international law, which is essential for the successful completion of the LLM programme.

The module aims to provide students with an understanding of both substantive and procedural aspects of English and international law instruments, examining their sources, principles, and elements. The module provides students with skills to conduct and evaluate research and advanced scholarship in all aspects of the LLM programmes. This includes the capacity to evaluate existing theories and methodologies and, where appropriate, propose new hypotheses in different fields.

The module helps students to develop the ability to work with their knowledge of legal principles and apply them to new situations in order to arrive at imaginative and innovative solutions and interpretations

It aims to support students to develop excellent communication skills including writing and legal research skills commensurate with LLM level study and advanced scholarship.

The module will examine based on sets of multiple-choice questions (MCQs) to encourage students to reflect on the nature, function, sources and institutions of English and International Law, as well as the application of the law in different contexts.

The FLS module is mandatory, this means that the module is compulsory for all students who wish to undertake any of the LLM postgraduate programmes. Without attempting this module an award of an LLM Postgraduate degree will not be possible.

Sustainable Development Law in Contemporary Business and Society

This module aims to provide an appreciation of the international law of sustainable development by introducing key international legal frameworks and institutions related to sustainable development and by looking into certain important areas where international sustainable development law is being implemented. The module also discusses practical issues related to sustainable development, such as those arising from the efforts to eradicate poverty and inequality and the support of the poor and disadvantaged. The areas of primary focus are business, environment, human rights and international trade/commerce. This module is an important element of the LLM Technology and Artificial Intelligence Law programme becauseof the significant role of technology and artificial intelligence in addressing development challenges; it is part ofthe LLM International Corporate Law and Governance programme because of the prominence of sustainabilityrequirements in corporate governance; part of the LLM International Banking and Financial Technology Lawprogramme because of the critical importance of sustainability in banking and financial systems; part of the LLM International Commercial Law, due to the vital role of sustainable development principles for preventing and resolving disputes from commerce and trade; part of the LLM International Human Rights Law and Developmentdue to the significant development impacts on human rights; part of LLM Natural Resources, Environmental Law,and Policy due to the significance of the sustainable development principle for addressing legal issuesrelated for example to climate change, the environment and natural resources; and part of the LLM International Legal Studies as one of the significant modern areas of legal study with policy and practical relevance. This module is also suitable for any other postgraduate programme where knowledge of sustainabledevelopment law principles can contribute towards achieving the programme aims.

Dissertation

This module enables learners to: (a) develop the capacity to conduct independent and advanced research; (b) advance relevant theoretical and policy arguments and recommendations for reforms in their area of LLM specialisation; and (c) acquire a range of transferable skills such as independent study, effective written and oral communication and problem solving. It requires reflection on the implications for personal development and professional practice.

Regulatory Theory and Practice

This module will provide a theoretical underpinning to enable you to deconstruct the various forms of regulatory theory within a legal context.

Three key questions will be initially discussed to enable a broad foundation to be established:

(1) Is regulation necessary at all?

(2) What approach to regulation should be adopted?

and (3) What should the regulatory architecture be comprised of.

From these deceptively simple questions a number of key themes will be explored including but not limited to the approaches based on risk, better, public choice, public interest and responsive based regulation.

This module aims to provide an understanding of the legal challenges and the key issues regarding the theory and practice of regulation. Students will develop a critical understanding of the regulatory approaches and frameworks in which disputes are resolved.

International Environmental Law

The module aims to offer an overview of the general legal framework and different regulatory regimes for the protection of the environment at the international and regional level.

Climate Change Law and Policy

This module is an important element of the LLM Natural Resources and Environmental Law and Policy because it will enable students to critically analyse and understand climate change law and policy and to develop the skills necessary to apply this in a range of practical contexts.

The module will provide students with an understanding of the key concepts, principles and mechanisms underlying the Climate Change regime as well as the interrelationship between industrial activities, and in particular energy policy and climate change will form a key part of the module.

Reflecting on the UN Sustainable Development Goal 13 which is focused on Climate Action, this module will explore the practical ways to address the global challenge of climate change. It will examine the effectiveness of the international, regional and national legal instruments aimed at tackling climate change. It will examine developments in the field of climate change law and encourage students to reflect on the nature, function, strengths and weaknesses of the existing mechanisms aimed at addressing climate change.

The module helps students to develop the ability to work with their knowledge of legal principles and apply them to new situations in order to arrive at imaginative and innovative solutions and interpretations in climate change law and policy. It will also equip students to have mastery of the subject, conduct effective research and to critically analyse and assess the specific climate change issues and apply this learning in the relevant practical context.

It aims to develop excellent communication skills including writing and legal research skills commensurate with LLM level study and advanced scholarship

This module is also suitable for any other postgraduate programme, where environmental law, energy law, sustainable development as well as natural resources governance would be studied.

Business Human Rights and Environment

This module is aimed and providing students with a critical understanding of the interrelationship between global business activities and the impacts of environment and human rights. Students will be exposed to the case studies in both developed and developing contexts, and the efficacy or otherwise of the accountability frameworks that currently exist at international, regional, transnational and national frameworks.

Emerging Issues in Law (Summer School)

The aim of the module will be to provide a useful insight into the legal responses to significant emerging issues which concern the broader society. The module is a credit-bearing postgraduate module, part of the Law School Summer School which can be available to all graduates from or outside Bradford on a stand-alone basis or as part of postgraduate programmes of the University of Bradford (as one of the options for University electives where the programme allows it).

Perhaps more than at any other time in history, the world is experiencing rapid changes in all aspects of human interactions - social, economic, political. The pace and scope of change are driven by rapid advances in technologies with transformative potential such as artificial intelligence, quantum computing and fintech; by the acceleration of natural phenomena linked to climate change and sustainability; by the socio-political transformation caused by rising inequalities, the tension between the forces supporting globalisation and those opposing it; and by health concerns driven by COVID-19 and other pandemics (e.g. SARS), which in recent years have caused economic and social disruption in various parts of the world and globally. All these developments pose a challenge for the law, which has to respond in ways that balance carefully opposing interests, while addressing the emerging challenges.

Law and Ethics of Technology and Artificial Intelligence

Technology and artificial intelligence raise significant ethical and legal issues. The aim of the module is to introduce these issues and debates as well as to discuss the current ethical and legal frameworks aimed to address them.

International Energy Law and Just Transition

The aim of the module is to develop your knowledge and understanding of some of the key issues related to the international law and policy of the Energy sector. The module provides an overall overview and general understanding of the legal and regulatory framework governing the energy sector, the contractual and fiscal arrangements and other issues concerning the different types of energy including renewables, oil, nuclear energy, and natural gas. The module also addresses the energy trilemma (including energy security, energy poverty and climate change); energy infrastructure, the transmission and generation issues associated with the electricity sector; just transition and sustainability; and energy disputes prevention and resolution.

Foundations of Law and Skills (DL)

This module is part of the induction to all the LLM programmes of the School of Law. The aim is to provides an introduction to the English and International Legal Systems, the institutions and sources of Law, as well as key academic skills, including research, critical thinking and analytical skills and encourage participative, independent and reflective learning and the development of personal and professional skills.

The Foundations of Law and Skills (FLS) module is compulsory to all students who are joining a LLM programme and is particularly useful to you if you have not previously studied law or you have come from a non-common law background. The module will equip you with knowledge of sources and institutions in English and international law, which is essential for the successful completion of the LLM programme.

The module aims to provide students with an understanding of both substantive and procedural aspects of English and international law instruments, examining their sources, principles, and elements. The module provides students with skills to conduct and evaluate research and advanced scholarship in all aspects of the LLM programmes. This includes the capacity to evaluate existing theories and methodologies and, where appropriate, propose new hypotheses in different fields.

The module helps students to develop the ability to work with their knowledge of legal principles and apply them to new situations in order to arrive at imaginative and innovative solutions and interpretations

It aims to support students to develop excellent communication skills including writing and legal research skills commensurate with LLM level study and advanced scholarship.

The module will examine based on sets of multiple-choice questions (MCQs) to encourage students to reflect on the nature, function, sources and institutions of English and International Law, as well as the application of the law in different contexts.

The FLS module is mandatory, this means that the module is compulsory for all students who wish to undertake any of the LLM postgraduate programmes. Without attempting this module an award of an LLM Postgraduate degree will not be possible.

Sustainable Development Law in Contemporary Business and Society

This module aims to provide an appreciation of the international law of sustainable development by introducing key international legal frameworks and institutions related to sustainable development and by looking into certain important areas where international sustainable development law is being implemented. The module also discusses practical issues related to sustainable development, such as those arising from the efforts to eradicate poverty and inequality and the support of the poor and disadvantaged. The areas of primary focus are business, environment, human rights and international trade/commerce. This module is an important element of the LLM Technology and Artificial Intelligence Law programme becauseof the significant role of technology and artificial intelligence in addressing development challenges; it is part ofthe LLM International Corporate Law and Governance programme because of the prominence of sustainabilityrequirements in corporate governance; part of the LLM International Banking and Financial Technology Lawprogramme because of the critical importance of sustainability in banking and financial systems; part of the LLM International Commercial Law, due to the vital role of sustainable development principles for preventing and resolving disputes from commerce and trade; part of the LLM International Human Rights Law and Developmentdue to the significant development impacts on human rights; part of LLM Natural Resources, Environmental Law,and Policy due to the significance of the sustainable development principle for addressing legal issuesrelated for example to climate change, the environment and natural resources; and part of the LLM International Legal Studies as one of the significant modern areas of legal study with policy and practical relevance. This module is also suitable for any other postgraduate programme where knowledge of sustainabledevelopment law principles can contribute towards achieving the programme aims.

Dissertation

This module enables learners to: (a) develop the capacity to conduct independent and advanced research; (b) advance relevant theoretical and policy arguments and recommendations for reforms in their area of LLM specialisation; and (c) acquire a range of transferable skills such as independent study, effective written and oral communication and problem solving. It requires reflection on the implications for personal development and professional practice.

Regulatory Theory and Practice

This module will provide a theoretical underpinning to enable you to deconstruct the various forms of regulatory theory within a legal context.

Three key questions will be initially discussed to enable a broad foundation to be established:

(1) Is regulation necessary at all?

(2) What approach to regulation should be adopted?

and (3) What should the regulatory architecture be comprised of.

From these deceptively simple questions a number of key themes will be explored including but not limited to the approaches based on risk, better, public choice, public interest and responsive based regulation.

This module aims to provide an understanding of the legal challenges and the key issues regarding the theory and practice of regulation. Students will develop a critical understanding of the regulatory approaches and frameworks in which disputes are resolved.